After a century of dominance, department stores were outpaced by online retail sales. Since then, the moat has widened even more as online sales continue to surpass department stores at an accelerating rate.

Value investing began as a philosophy espoused by Ben Graham and David Dodd in the early 20th century but has grown immensely popular over the past few decades as the result of its most famous practitioner: Warren Buffett.

Restrictions placed on deductions for property taxes, mortgage interest and home equity loans will put financial strain on homeowners, particularly those who still have paid back their housing debt in full.

The fast-casual category is somewhat nebulous.  With no hard and fast rules or definitive definition, it is largely an ontological distinction. Even so, the industry has been ravenously accumulating market share, growing 550 percent between 1999 and 2015.